The IPCC in its 2001 report predicts global temperatures to rise by 1.4–5.8 degrees Celsius over the next 100 years, including a 2.7–4.3 degrees Celsius increase in India by the end of this millennium. An increase in rainfall over the sub-continent by 6–8 per cent and that sea level would rise up to 88 cms by 2100 is further predicted.

It is time that the government makes stringent rules to tackle the problems. If the employment is a problem then, various other resources of manual and skilled labour should be explored. India being one of the major powers today, has to shoulder the responsibility too, than just pointing out flaws in other economies, since we cannot blame other countries for the floods in Rajasthan n climatic irregularities in Orissa.

The threshold of being eco-friendly and economy-friendly has pressurised great deal. We are bound by needs.

  By Dr. D.K. Giri, Director, Schumacher Centre

I was invited to be a panelist in a Roundtable discussion on “Rethinking Human Behaviour in Modern Economics” on 10 April 2010. It was organized by the Institute for Studies in Global prosperity. I had a similar invitation earlier on from Bhopal last month from a Gandhian organization to discuss “non-violent economy”. Last year, I was in a roundtable on “Compassionate Economy” organized by a Buddhist organization. All these invitations come my way most probably because of my association with Schumacher Centre, as its ideologue Fritz Schumacher was the exponent of non-violent Buddhist economies. Also, may be I am engaged in the domain public action to create a sound economy and saner society. Whatever may be the basis of my involvement in such discussions, the need of the hour is to reduce stress, tensions and violence in the society, most of which, no doubt, is produced by a violent economy.

Why has the modern economy become violent? Is it loss of human values, namely the compassion, solidarity, or the faulty approach to economic growth? In fact, the answer is bit of both. How do we repair the fault lines? How do we revive the values? These two are the usual questions raised in most of the discussions. Let us address the first concern, the modern economic system. The current economy is driven by profit only, in complete disregard to nature, nurture and sustainability.  Profit has replaced the people in the calculations. Second, there is gross overuse of non-renewable energies, competition for access to them which are also depleting. This is causing violence in the society. The people who are getting displaced and dispossessed are fighting back.

Second is that the human nature is changing in such a scenario, where competition has replaced compassion. Human beings are capable of being good and bad, either of which emerges in reaction to a situation or a system, created by other human beings. But, like Mahatma Gandhi said, any system will fail, if the human character fails, and in the dynamic between people and the processes, the person has the onus of creating and maintaining a process that secures human values.

How do we create a good person? This can be done both by inducing systemic changes which allows the person scope for and self-actualisation, and by injecting spirituality or Godliness what is understood popularly as a religion. That gives room for building selfhood.

What we need is a fine balance between man and machine, personality and the procedures, growth and social justice. Profit and growth should drive the economy, but those should be meant for a ‘common cause’ not for shareholders alone.

The balance which Clinton called the middle way, Tony Blair the Third way, Indian calls ‘synthesis of opposites’ is ‘the way’ to go. The big question then is who will determine that balance is right or appropriate, or the way to decide it in terms of the cause and consequence of our actions. The other is that every individual, institution and nation decide what is the ‘balance’ that lends a win-win situation – social stability, communal solidarity, climate security and economic viability.

I was in the North-east Manipur a week ago. Although I had been to Assam and Shillong, the trip to Manipur was extra ordinary, eye-opening to things that I would have never known without visiting the state, I would like to share a few observations and insights.

People’s Ignorance:  When I mentioned to a foreign friend living in India, that I was going to Imphal, he was lost and asked me “where is it? Is it a country or city?” Perhaps he was not as surprising as a 5 star hotel sales manager who asked my secretary which country I was going to. It will not be surprise again if many educated people do not know that we have eight beautiful states in the North-east; the names like Aizawl, Kohima and Agartala may not ring a bell. How does it work for national integration? Foreigners have restrictions on travel in the North-east, Indians do not, despite the security concerns, which are overblown, Indians are missing out on the beauties of the North-east.

Faulty Perceptions: “North-east is different, the people do not look like us, their culture is different” so go the perception. In fact, one of the American tourists who was on the same panel with me on “tribal culture sustainable development, and climate change” in Tribal Research Institute, Imphal, said, initially he felt like he was in Bangkok. I told him how wrong he was about India. In fact, coming from my native place, Orissa, I felt quite at home in terms of food, landscape and even language. When I asked for tea at a small stall, the old lady selling the tea said, she did not have change in her language. Quite a few words were what we say in Oriya also.

I was taken to Kangla, the heritage site of Imphal, the history of Manipur state is not dissimilar to rest of India.

Diversity, pluralism etc.: The ethnic diversities in Manipur is amazing; out of population of about 2.5 million, 34% are tribes all of them Christians, 8% Muslims and 58% Hindus. But amongst tribes, there are 34 different tribes and 5 more are to recognized. Each tribe stays in one village. I visited a Koirang tribal village and a couple of kms away a village of Chiru tribe. Interesting feature to observe was the bio-diversities in two villages, which were rice but different. A small state presents so much of pluralism. That must be the case with other states in the North-east should too. 

I wish to end this note by suggesting, Government of India encourage internal tourism even by giving subsidies, travel concessions etc. to foster a spirit of Indianness. When people see differences, they recognize and appreciate, when they see similarities, they develop a feeling of oneness. North-east feels alienated, distortions and deficits in development apart. And separating us from them we are contributing to that feeling. It is never late to repair the fault lines in perception as well action.

An alarming new report in The Hindu (http://www.hindu.com/mag/2010/01/24/stories/2010012450190500.htm) highlights the horrifying statistics provided by the Tendulkar Committee. Their numbers tell a far darker story. Not only do they place rural poverty at 41.8%, but indicate over 50% of SCs and STs are in a state of ‘permanent famine.’

Schumacher Centre strives to spread awareness of the severity of India’s poverty. Government efforts to downplay poverty are detrimental to our mission. Politicians use India’s overall national economic ‘growth’ as a measure of prosperity for all its citizens, but this is rooted in ignorance.

India’s GDP growth does not mean anything to starving people. A recent UN report states , “…such growth has not been sufficiently inclusive and pro-poor to reduce the absolute numbers of people living in poverty. Income inequalities have grown steadily in India since the 1980s, in both urban and rural areas.”

The UN are releasing more and more reports that challenge the government’s rhetoric. They indicate mass economic liberalization has widened the gap between rich and poor in the last few decades. Using the stock market index as the prime indicator of national prosperity has had dire consequences.

To improve the lives of the poorest of the poor, who currently don’t have access to the ‘booming’ markets, the government must change its approach. It must stop manipulating numbers to deceive its citizens.

The people must discourage government deception by remaining skeptical.  The tendency to worship the stock market index must end. Prosperity must be measured by the living conditions of all Indians, not only the middle and upper class. Otherwise, the new decade will not witness any meaningful change.

Business news website and Wall Street partner, Livemint.com, has published an article written by Dr. Giri, Director of Schumacher Centre. This poignant and eloquent article highlights what trisector partnership truly means. It succinctly explains why trisector partnership is truly India’s last hope.

Read the article here.

Last week I wrote about the mismatch between politics and development, citing the specific example of Mohammadi, a tehsil in Uttar Pradesh. There are many such examples in the country where high political activism sits comfortably with poor development. But the other side of the story is that, if development is put on the political agenda, then progress is quicker. Also I must add that it is the state (political leadership in a democracy) which is the principal actor in the development processt. Some would argue that the state should be the facilitator, it should rollback in the face of Globalisation and reposition itself as enabler or facilitator.

Only last week, the award given by Economic Times to the Chief Minister of Bihar Sri Nitish Kumar proves the contrathesis that  in India that Development driven Politics is viable in a  society torn by caste, religion and ethnicity.  The award was for the “best reformer of the year”. This was for turning the state of Bihar around in governance and development. In his acceptance speech, Mr. Nitish Kumar said, ‘The award goes to hundreds of people working in Bihar to change things and they have dispelled the doubt that Bihar was ungovernable or development in Bihar was unthinkable. The state of Bihar which used to be one of the laggard states has registered 11.5% growth, more than the national average. This is remarkable progress.

The role of state is crucial in the development process. The civil society organizations, the professional NGOs, the CSR of the business sector will have impact only if the state is development oriented creating a conducive atmosphere for other players to make their contributions. So, one can win in politics by putting development issues in the centre stage which do not whip up mass frenzy. The old style politics of creating mass hysteria should be history, and the ‘new politics’ should deal with progress, peace and harmony.

By Dr DK Giri, Director, Schumacher Centre

Last week I was invited to visit Mohmadi Tehsil in the Laxmipur Kheri district of Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to explore the possibilities for development interventions. I took the train from Old Delhi to Sahajahanpur, a journey of 346km which took 8 hours, less than 45 km per hour by an express train. When the developed world is introducing bullet trains with a speed of up to 500km per hour, our trains do not clock up to 100km per hour. We are yet to learn the essence of time and speed. 

However, I was met up by my host waiting with a flashy new van to drive me to our destination. Sahajahanpur was brightly lit at 1:30am, dispelling my doubt about the supply of electricity. I was taken to a ‘dhaba’ for a cup of tea to warm up in the cold night, before we drove 28 km to Mohmadi.  I was warned by my host that the 28 km may take an hour because of the road conditions.

Mohmadipur Tehsil has two blocks, one with Muslim majority, and the other with Hindus. I was taken around both blocks in two full days. What I observed was nothing sort of baffling – but eventually supported my long-held hypothesis that there is a mismatch between politics and development. Uttar Pradesh provides the best case for such understanding. UP used to send 85 MPs to 543 strong Lok Sabha – the new state, Uttarakhand, carved out of UP has taken away only 5 MPs. The state has given us so many of our Prime Ministers. Yet, the status of development in UP is lower than many other states in the country.

What I saw in terms of development deficits were: there was no regular supply of electricity. Mohamedi area falls under “weekly” supply of electricity, which means one week of supply during the day, and the following week is at nights. The landed peasantry has good crops round the year. But the small farmers, and landless who are the majority do not have incomes from the farm, and non-farm activities are almost nil. The education facilities are pathetic. The govt. school system is dysfunctional- higher education, from high school upwards is non-existent. The girl children are structurally less educated as it is not safe or practical for them to travel distances to go to colleges. The roads are unmotorable, the houses are worse than urban slums. Healthcare is completely absent. Only villages declared as “Ambedkar villages” have some semblance of roads, and public infrastructure like community halls etc.

As expected there was lot of excitement around the MLC elections. People like to talk more of politics than development. Politics encompasses all existence and defines lifestyles, but sadly, it is all about elections, and political gamesmanship, all sound and fury, but no substance.

I was introduced to a successful businessman from the Christian community. There are three Christian villages where villagers live as small farmers and daily wage labourers. They were mostly Rajputs from Punjab brought by missionaries. The businessman left home as a teenager in the quest for better life, and he made it by doing business in Maharashtra, Goa and Himachal. His wife, who was an IAS officer, took VRS to support her husband. The businessman and his bureaucrat wife decided to settle down in his village which is slightly better than an urban slum as it has a better habitat with clean air, trees and water.

His mansion in the village has all the modern amenities, piped water, power back up, etc. The gentleman was keen to contest as ‘Village Pradhan’ to improve the lot of his village. Surprising that he still thinks politics is the route to development. Yes, it can be, only when development drives politics not the other way round. The last elections, by interpretation and implication, not by definition and strategy, seem to have negated communalism, casteism and corruption, and have put development in the national agenda. The leadership of both the major parties, Rahul and Sonia Gandhi from Congress and Nitin Gadkari of BJP are both speaking the language of development. We only hope that India’s much vaunted democracy puts people before politics, development before party  political ‘dramas’; the signs are that the process has started, the hope is that it should be irreversible.  

Devinder Sharma says: “The poverty line reflects the number of people living in acute hunger. It should therefore be called as a starvation line.”

Such a definition ignores wider measures of poverty – such as lack of access to education, health services, etc – allowing the Government of India to keep poverty figures suspiciously low.

Badnoli was just 1.5 hours’ drive from our office in south Delhi – but it was a different India.

Click on the following link to be directed to the video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqfRka7sjos

By Dr DK Giri, Director of Schumacher Centre

During 26-27 November I was a part of an Indian delegation invited to attend a seminar in Paris. The bilateral seminar was between scholars from India and the European Union organized in partnership between FEPS – Foundation of European Progressive Studies (Brussels), JJF – Jean Jaures Foundation, (Paris), and ADS -Association for Democratic Socialism, (New Delhi).

The topic on 26th was “Growing Inequality, Fighting Globalization Challenges.” The discussion centred on fighting inequality in various forms, the growing disparity between rich and the poor in a global economy, ethnic deprivation and so on. The way to create an egalitarian society is to promote inclusive growth and development within multicultural and plural democracy. But Indian development presents a paradox – while it is an established democracy, a multicultural society, has a decent economic growth for over a decade or so now, poverty is still widespread, chronic and persisting. The participants agreed that while India and Europe had a lot in common, both the unions had different trajectories and strategies in their democracies. While India currently is devolutionary, European Union is evolutionary.

On the second day, we had a closed door discussion on “India and European Union, common grounds in foreign policies”. It focused mainly on the emergence of EU as a political personality in the international arena and the difficulties it faces in doing so. India’s foreign policy compulsions also figured in the deliberations. The participants rued the fact that despite shared foreign policy principles, EU and Indian are not working as closely as they should in international politics.

Our delegation consisted of myself, Prof. T.K. Oommen, Chairman, Schumacher Centre, Dr. Meera Mitra, sociologist, Member of ADS and Schumacher Centre, Dr. Subbha Somu, Member, National Commission for Backward Classes, Dr. Ravni Thakur, Associate Professor, Delhi University. The other batch of delegates from India consisted of Sri Mani Sankar Aiyer, Former Union Minister, Kanwal Sibal, Former foreign Secretary, Manoj Joshi, a senior journalist, and Uday Bhaskar, former Director, IDSA.

Overall, it was a good meeting, generating warmth, understanding and an atmosphere for a free and frank exchange of ideas.